Atlas Shrugged - Iser and Bakhtin on the Closed Text Essay -- Atlas Sh

Atlas Shrugged - Iser and Bakhtin on the Closed Text The process of narration places the author, textbook, and reader into a dynamic relationship in which, through a fusion of the authors literary vision and the readers creativity, the text is transformed into an informative and pleasurable experience. This process is especially apparent in the novel form. As the idealogue Wolfgang Iser states, a novel must be conceived in such a way that it will engage the readers imagination in the task of works things out for himself, for reading is only a pleasure when it is active and germinal (Iser 51). Similarly, another theorist and philosopher, Mikhail Bakhtin, argues that within a novel an author creates numerous different voices and languages, each of which contributes to the dynamic reading process every invent and sentence has a context both inside and outside of the novel. though there are many other theories regarding reader-response, these two form a cohesive definition of the pr ocess Isers possible action broadly explains the interaction-or intersection-of the three components in the process, while Bakhtins theory explains the specific subjectivity of the novel language. Both of these theories, however, affirm on the basic assumption that all texts are intended to be interpretable that is, in the words of Umberto Eco, that all texts are open. Eco describes an open text as one that attempts to force the reader into an interplay of stimulus and response which depends on his whimsical capacity for sensitive reception of the piece (Eco 49). In essence, an open text invites the reader to fuse his own unique experiences with that of the text to form an definition that is his own. Conversely, Eco also describes an antithesis to the... ...tes reader anticipation. Thus, one must conclude that while Ecos theory is fascinating and may very well have a strong basis outside of the novel form, it is impossible for a novel to be closed though the authors intentions bay be set in stone, the readers intentions sure enough never will be. A novel, by virtue of being a novel, will always be more open than closed. Works Cited Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Diologic Imagination. capital of Texas University of Texas Press, 1981. Eco, Umberto. The Role of the Reader Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1979. Iser, Wolfgang. The Reading touch A Phenomenological Approach. Published in Tompkins, Jane P. ed., Reader-Response Criticism From Formalism to Post-Structuralism. Maryland whoremonger Hopkins UP, 1980. Rand, Ayn. Atlas Shrugged. New York Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1957.