Odyssey and Goddess Calypso Circe

Maddy Evans 5 Paragraph Essay Brain-storming Part I: Separation 1. )Call to Adventure  ·Odysseus must go to Troy to fight in the Trojan War 2. )Refusal of the Call  ·At first he refuses and states that he IS NOT going to war. 3. )Answering the Call  ·Athena tells Odysseus that he should go fight. So he finally decided he was going to.  ·He packed up weapons/food and put together a crew and set sail for Troy. 4. )Supernatural Aid/Guide  ·Athena, throughout, The Odyssey , aids him in his every need. . )Companions  ·Athena (Godley aid)  ·Penelope (Odys' wife)  ·Telemachus (Odys' son) 6. )Crossing the Threshold  ·When Ody Leaves for the Trojan War. 7. )Threshold Guardians Poseidon`s Monster Polyphemus 8. )Entering the belly of the whale Odysseus is the sole survivor of a shipwreck and ends in Calypso's island. Part II: Initiation 1. )Road of Trials 1. Cicones (six men lost from each ship 2. Lotus-eaters (must by force drag the intoxicated men back to boats) 3.Cyclops (l oses 6 men – puts out Polyphemus's eye – taunts the blinded Cyclops) 4. Aeolus (gives sack of winds to Odysseus) Aeolus 2 (pronounces curse on Odysseus after winds let out) 5. Laestrygonians (loses all ships but his own) 6. Circe (men turned to pigs – moly helps him escape her curse – one year in Circe's home) 7. House [Kingdom] of the Dead (sees Tiresias and Achilles his mother [Anticleia], Agamemnon, et al. ) A. Circe 2 8. Sirens (Odysseus listens! ) 9. Scylla and Charybdis (loses six men to Scylla) 10.Cattle of the Sun (loses the rest of his men) 11. Calypso's Isle 2. )Meeting with the Goddess Calypso Circe 3. )Abduction/Night Sea Journey being Captured by Calypso The trip to Hades 4. )Dragon Battle Representing the many hurdles Ody must overcome on his journey home. 5. )Companions In order for Ody to be transformed, he must give up his old life. 6. ) Atonement to/Recognition of the father The end of Odys journey and is the stepping stone that helps hi m take his rightful place as leader in the society. 7. )Ultimate Boom

Mental Disorder and Mental Health Problems Essay

This unit aims to provide the learner with knowledge of the main forms of mental health problems according to the psychiatric classification system. Learners also consider the strengths and limitations of this model and look at alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress. The focus of the unit is on understanding the different ways in which mental health problems impact on the individual and others in their social network. It also considers the benefits of early intervention in promoting mental health and well-being. Credit Level 3 3 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system: mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders 1.2 Explain the key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system see more:psychiatric (dsm/icd) classification system 1.3 Explain two alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress 1.4 Explain how mental ill health may be indicated through an individual’s emotions, thinking and behaviour 2. Know the impact of mental ill health on individuals and others in their social network 2.1 Explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation, assumptions and stereotypes about mental ill health 2.2 Explain how mental ill health may have an impact on the individual including: a. psychological and emotional b. practical and financial c. the impact of using services d. social exclusion e. positive impacts Learning outcomes The learner will: 1. Know the main forms of mental ill health 2.3 Explain how mental ill health may have an impact on those in the individual’s familial, social or work network including: a. psychological and emotional b. practical and financial c. the impact of using services d. social exclusion e. positive impacts 2.4 Explain the benefits of early intervention in promoting an individual’s mental health and well-being Notes for Guidance In learning outcome 1, assessment criterion 1, learners are asked to describe ‘the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system’. Learners should demonstrate knowledge of how types of mental health are categorised by their main signs and symptoms and how the system attempts to draw a line between mental health and mental disorder. Learners do not need to demonstrate detailed knowledge of each form of disorder within each category.

Globalization of Technology Essay

Politics – Technology enables and even promotes changes in every aspect of our lives. Through the years it has changed what and how we eat (the microwave), how and where we work (the internet), how we are entertained, and even how we keep in touch with friends and family. And though many people may notice these types of quick advances of technology, many may not notice how technological advances have tied into changes in politics and the way they have been run. †¢The power of mass images has really become a major influence on politics as a product of a increasing technology. In the 1960’s, images of wealth in the west eventually exposed the weakness of the communist regime running the old Soviet bloc. There is the story Nikita Khrushchev narrating a film of Harlem in the 1960’s to demonstrate poverty in America. Instead, his poor, struggling citizens focused on the nylons hanging on backyard clothes lines and the number of fine autos in the street, and saw wealth rather than poverty. Today, the pictures from Iran appear in graphic detail on our televisions. The power of the mass media has made it more difficult for the state to wall off the outside world. †¢The television has been used to promote politics through commercial advertisement since the Dwight D. Eisenhower campaign in 1952. That was over 50 years ago. It has been used to broadcast presidential debates since the Kennedy vs Nixon Great Debate in 1960 which was exactly 50 years ago. However, nothing is like the way the television is used today. †¢The most recent Presidential campaign, in 2008, showed how fundraising is being impacted. President Obama raised a record breaking 600 million dollars in contributions during his run up to the election. Of that 600 that Obama received, 500 million came from the internet and through public financing through the internet. He ran as fierce an internet campaign as he did his television and radio campaigns. Later the same young people who followed Obama’s every move online, turned out to vote. †¢Is technology damaging politics? †¢For example, you can argue that because there are dozens of news channels. Campaigns are now much more media run. The media decides what is news worthy (which as of the past few years has been whatever gets ratings), interprets the meaning of events for its viewers, and manipulates the decision making process of its viewers. †¢Can technology be damaging to political candidates themselves? †¢Political videos of nearly every 2008 presidential candidates can be found on YouTube. In many of the posted videos, candidates are engaged in old speeches, contradicting their current political positions. †¢Also, since the election, the internet seems to have gone from President Obama’s best friend, to his greatest political enemy. Some of the most controversial legislation in US history is being introduced and posted online for all Americans to see, online commentators who once supported Obama are continuously pointing out unfilled promises. Economy and Social Relations – Technological progress is the key to offering future populations the potential for improved standards of living. Technical change enables firms to combine inputs in a novel manner to produce existing products more cheaply and to develop new products to meet consumer needs. Economists and other social scientists pretty much agree that technological change is the most important contributor to economic growth in the modern era and it is estimated that more than half of the country’s long-run growth is can be attributed to technological change. †¢A prime example of technology based increases in productivity comes from the field of agriculture. Until at least the 17th century, about 90% of the population was directly involved in agriculture. In the United States, the farm population was 44% of the total population as recently as 1880. Currently, the U.S. farm population is about 2% of the total population. But over that same period, total production from farms has more than doubled. The increase in productivity is correlated with several technological innovations in the field of farming. The innovations include the widespread use of farm chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), and farming equipment. Thus, the tremendous increase in farm productivity is seen as a direct result of the technological advances that were made in the field. †¢Technological change in production processes like that often reduces the amount of labor and other resources needed to produce a unit of output. This is good on one hand because it reduces the cost of production for products but on the other, it also results in a loss of jobs in the short-r un. The long-run is a different story though. By reducing the cost of production you thereby are lowering the price of a particular good in a competitive market, which then frequently leads to a greater demand for that good. And a greater output demand results in increased production, which requires more labor, and offsets the effects of losing jobs in the short-run. †¢Along with production technology, constant improvements of transportation and communications technologies have also had major impacts on today’s economy. Previously, physical and human resources moved around the world by means of land, sea, and air transportation. Now, with data serving as a basic resource and digital communications the means of transport, financial capital is moving throughout the world at nearly the speed of light. †¢How has technology negatively affected the economy? †¢One challenge that technology has brought about to the new global economy comes from the new wave of outsourcing. As a concept it’s not new. Companies have chased cheap labor around the globe for decades, making cars in Mexico, plastic toys in Taiwan and shirts in Malaysia. But in the past couple of years, the debate over outsourcing has intensified as technology companies reduce costs by sending technical support, software development, quality assurance and other functions offshore. A few years ago this idea would have been impossible. The world mostly turned to its technology leaders, companies such as Microsoft Corp. for example, when it needed software. But with the growth of broadband Internet connections and e-mail, technical support staff and software developers can respond to questions with the same speed in Bangalore, India, as they do in Bellevue. And they can do it at a fraction of the cost. †¢Of course this comes at the expense of not only lower class and low skilled workers in the U.S., but even in the middle classes, there are plenty of jobs that are now outsourced.. Again, inability to find work means inability to purchase homes, spend money, and profit companies. When people don’t buy, corporations that produce things don’t make money, which can thus â€Å"trickle down† to fewer jobs available and a greater desire to outsource to make things more cheaply so they will be more attractive to consumers. †¢Those supporting outsourcing say that lowering expenses of corporations will create jobs. There are plenty of government agencies that outsource some of their work, saving them millions of dollars, a direct effect on the US economy and on federal spending. A common theory contends that being able to pay people lower wages for work means that companies will be able to produce things with less expense and transfer this saving to consumers. Lower prices may mean more consumer spending, and companies will be able to hire more workers in the US because they’re paying less for workers outside of it. †¢Further, many argue that giving jobs to workers in less developed countries improves those countries economically and increases trade for US products. It also increases a country’s ability to pay back debts to the US, and may promote better political relationships. Companies economically benefit by selling their products in other countries. This means they can hire more people in the US and lower their prices on products for US consumers.

ET Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ET - Essay Example In this scenario, the link between BA and strategy is coordinated. Here the BA function is purely reactive and there is no feedback procedure from BA to strategy. Method competencies help a business analyst to keep the tool kit in order. He or she should be able to deliver multiple information in same data and should be able to visualize the information as the user. Answer. A data warehouse provides an organization with data which is consistent, integrated and valid. It ensures the collection of data from its source. Data warehouse retains the desired key features and provides data for creating reports. Answer. A company can collect source data either by collecting primary data or secondary data. The data collected for the first time is called the primary data. A primary data when further used becomes secondary data. A secondary data is collected from already collected data.The data sources for a company can be classified as: 1.Data generating source system- A data generating source system specifies which systems which create data for the first time and which don’t. Some examples of data generating source systems are billing systems, Reminder systems, Debt collection systems, CRM systems, and Product and consumption information. 2. Source system -When a data generated for the first time is saved, it becomes the source system for data warehouse. Data in the warehouse comes from primary sources and is saved on the basis of organizations rules and requirements. Based on the data warehouse information a large number of analysis and business processes are carried. 1. Establishment of information wheel- In order to provide the right information to the right people at the right time, data is condensed into information and knowledge. This is called information wheel. An information wheel summarizes the knowledge and information. 2. Creating Synergies between Information Wheels- The BICC must maintain the information wheels. The BICC

Bone Remodeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bone Remodeling - Essay Example Bone remodeling is a process of a lifetime in which the old bone is removed by the osteoclasts and replaced by osteoblasts.(9) Parafitt AM., 2002 described the cellular basis of the normal bone remodeling sequence in the human adult to a cycle that constitutes three stages, quiescence, activation, resorption, reversal, formation, and return to quiescence (1). The major reasons of remodeling is to enable the bones to respond and adapt to mechanical stress as occurs as a result of physical exercise and during the mechanical lading as occurs during orthodontic tooth movement. This article outlines the major research carried out in the past decade in the cellular basis of bone remodeling. The aspects included are the relationship between the hormone and localized factors that affect the phenomenon. The dependence of the localized factors and the proteins during the bone resorption is critically discussed. The understanding provided by the RANK/RANKL/OPG paradigm for both the differentiat ion and their activation of the osteoclast is also discussed. Bone undergoes constant bone remodeling and it is a very complex process. In his review article Hill PA., 1998 described four stages involved in bone remodeling, namely, resorptive phase reversal phase, formative phase and resting phase. In the resorptive phase, the activated multinucleated osteoclast derived from bone marrow resorbs a discrete area of mineralized bone matrix. The latter stage than follows in which the osteoblast precursor cells, which can locally proliferate and differentiate into osteoblast migrate into the resorption lacuna and disclose the former osteoclastic activity. The osteoblast deposits new bone matrix which is initially unmineralized and called osteroid and in this way fills the resorption lacuna. This phase is the formative phase. Finally the resting phase is followed. Once embedded in the osteroid, the osteoblast matures into terminally differentiated osteocytes. The osteoblast lying on the surface on the surface of the newly formed bone packet are quie scent lining cells activated.(11) Osteoclast and osteoblast lay the basis of bone remodeling and significant research is been carried out in the past decade. It is known that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts function under the regulation of many factors(3, 7), systemic and local among which insulin, insulin-like growth factors-I, bone-morphogenetic factors and Wnt protins are the potent bone anabolic factors(13). Recently, it was reported that phosphoinosidine-dependent serine-threonine protein kinase Akt plays a major role in signaling of the potent bone anabolic factors. Akt1, a major Akt in osteoclast and osteoblast has a novel role. Akt1 phosphorylates the transcription factor FoxO3a to restrict its nuclear localization, thus suspending the transactivation of its target gene Bim which is also known to be a potent proapoptotic molecule in osteoblasts. This research established that Akt1 plays a crucial regulator of osteoclast and osteoblast by promoting the differentiation and su rvival to maintain bone marrow and turnover.(8) Bone resporption is mainly dependent on a cytokine RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand), which is a TNF (tumor necrosis factor), that is vital for the osteoclast formation, activity and survival

Along way gone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Along way gone - Essay Example These are some of the circumstances affecting his ability to flee. When he returned to normality like other 12 year olds, he got the chance to start a new life while he was in United States. He had called Laura Simms to go with her to New York (Beah). Love is the other theme in the autobiography, where Beah notes that he only has a few family members remaining so he makes it his task to love those who are closes to him such as his uncle, Ester and Laura (Beah). In addition, Laura and Ester show him their unconditional love without judging him or his views. For example in chapter 18, Beah indicates that he received a lot of love towards him and his uncle. In the autobiography, Beah also gives a detailed account of Sierra Leone’s history. The country is in West of Africa and bordered by other countries such as Guinea and Liberia. It has about 5, 080 000 people. Some of its earliest inhabitants were Limba, Sape and Capez. The Portuguese explorers, the French and Dutch all began to trade on the African coast in the 16th century and later invaded by the Bantu speaking people. Since there was a war between so many groups in Sierra Leone, in the late 16th century the British slave traders took advantage of this warfare to gain entry into the country. In 1807, the parliament in Britain decided that slave trade was coming to an end, hence Freetown soon changed into a crown colony. Most of the slaves released were settled in Freetown. After Sierra Leone gained independence from the colonialists, the government in Freetown decided to give the natives their leaders through voting. From 1961 to 1978, there was a political party in Sierra Leone called the Sierra Leone People’s party (SLPP). The SLPP was a governing party in the year 1961 to 1967; however, it later became the opposition party from year 1967 to 1978. This is where the turbulence in Sierra Leone started because it came from the All People’s Congress (APC) party when it was making

Mentos and a Full Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mentos and a Full Moon - Essay Example The contact with the solution happens only when the string is introduced into the top of the bottle. The reaction can be repeated. One must take into account the underlying chemistry and physics. Physics is more dominant. Temperature and pressure must be considered. In addition the surface are and time will have an impact. This means the doubling or halving of the material will be directly proportional to the intensity of the reaction. Any similar cola will produce similar results. If there is or is not has not been established clearly. When we consider humans we must realize that there is more than the physical side. There is the will and the emotion. And then there is the spiritual. These all taken together make up the person of the human. This makes the human a very complex being. This reality gives a uniqueness of humans as a specie. It is possible to deduce that the physical aspect of humans is affected by the moon phase. It is not wise to say that man is helpless in the influence. We must recognize that man has a will. This will of man can overcome many influences. A scientific approach generally fits the grid. The grid has four components. They are observation, hypothesis, prediction and test. The challenge is in the observation test phase. People have to decide what is important and how to measure. This is a particular problem of the social sciences.. Different people will have different emphases. Both articles have a scientific approach. There is a more historical emphasis. This is evidenced by the following statement. That was all the Congress needed to kill the project and suppress the report. (Townley, J. (1997). The other source uses a more scientific approach considering the grid. Tropical astrology is the most popular form and it assigns its readings based on the time of the year (Carroll, R. 2006). This is one of many points that show an attempt consider many different aspects objectively in coming to a

Target Retail Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Target Retail Company - Research Paper Example This company was driven by the personal principles practiced by Dayton, whereby he believed in reaching higher grounds of stewardship and this made his store become known for dependable merchandise, generous spirit and fair business practices (Target Brands, Inc., 2011). In 1911, Dayton Dry Goods Company was named The Dayton Company so as to incorporate its assortment of goods and services that it had started offering and soon it is commonly known as the Dayton Store. In the year 1916, this company becomes part of the co-founders of Retail Research Association, which is a leading retailers’ cooperative which later expanded and was named the Associated Merchandising Corporation in 1918. In the same year, George Dayton creates a foundation, The Dayton Foundation endowed with $1 million with the aim of promoting human welfare across the world. This was later renamed the Dayton-Hudson Foundation in the year 1969 and later became the Target Foundation in 2000. Following stalling of shipments in 1920 due to a freight handlers strike, Dayton decided to use airplanes to ship goods throughout the country, an idea that was well received by the public following the effects of the crisis on the consumer market. A radio station was created by Dayton in 1922 with a massive influence on Minneapolis. The son of Dayton, George N Dayton, takes over presidency of Dayton Company in 1938 following his father’s death. This company came up with the idea of giving 5% of its pretax profits to the community as a corporate social responsibility strategy in 1946. A new generation of leadership is borne following the death of George N. Dayton, where the grandson Donald C. Dayton, takes over the running of the company in 1950, and this was followed by all the Dayton’s grandsons taking over leadership positions within the company. A commercial interiors department was opened

Shopper Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shopper Behavior - Essay Example As has been specified above, state of mind might be gathered from the way in which a distinctive carries on. By making perceptions of conduct, an advertiser can induce a customer's state of mind. Case in point, if an individual belittles Colgate toothpaste what's more purchases it, it might be gathered that he prefers that brand.b) Qualitative studies: Attitudes can likewise be measured through qualitative apparatuses and methods that help recognize purchaser sentiments and convictions and their emotions, by getting them included in open examinations. Such methods could take the types of centering bunches, profundity meetings, and mental tests. - Depth meetings:   A profundity meeting is like a particular meeting, where a shopper is questioned about the item/administration offering, the brand, and any or all of the 4ps. The shopper is made inquiries for an extensive time of time, and his notions and convictions are recorded, so are his emotions and substantial motions.   The spec ialist poses a question and the interviewee is swayed to speak long about his responses and sentiments about the item and administration offering and the 4ps. Shopper Behavior - Psychological tests: An assembly of mental tests are accessible that are utilized to construe furthermore measure buyer state of mind. Projective systems are utilized usually; for instance the buyer may be asked to translate a picture (Thematic Apperception Test), or fill in a dialog in a cartoon, or compose ten-twelve words depicting a figure or a picture.

HS630 Week 9 Conf Part 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HS630 Week 9 Conf Part 4 - Essay Example Another good thing about the advisory is that it includes the range of wind speeds from minimum to maximum. Also a 48 hour outlook is given in the advisory. The people are not told exactly what to do explicitly but weather conditions are laid out clearly in the geographical region. Timing is clearly mentioned in the advisory which is something good. People are totally informed about the timings of the storm. The speed of wind is given, and therefore, people are expected to prepare themselves. This is an area where this advisory is lacking as people are not told where to get more information. The advisory states only the course of the storm and other related information, but there is no mention of a phone number or a website from where people can get more information. A storm advisory can show more information about where to get more detailed information about the storm. The above advisory is appropriate and represents the usual warnings that are issued. The advisory could have given a phone number or website where people could have got more information. All the technical information regarding the storm was given which is

Ethics, as It Pertains to Information Technology Term Paper

Ethics, as It Pertains to Information Technology - Term Paper Example Ethics in information technology is a branch of philosophy that deals with how people should make decisions concerned with their professional conduct, when using information technology. Computers have dramatically changed information handling and communication, but have also caused ethical questions to be raised on standards that the users of information technology should uphold in order to be at par with the expectations from the society. The most theatrical abuse of computer technology is the rampant internet hackings of company websites and online theft of credit card numbers. Such cases are imperceptible, frequent and tied to everyday workings of ordinary, law abiding citizens and different situations are on the rise with great frequency due to computer hacking. Hacking is a situation where an individual referred to as a hacker, gains, or attempts to gain access to resources or services belonging to someone else from their computer databases, usually organizations or companies wi thout their prior authorization or awareness (Davis, Philipp and Cowen, 2005). Such activities lead to the disruption of services, loss of data as well as vandalism of data, software or even hardware resources. Hackers are motivated by a multitude of reasons, which include, getting profits, protests, or to gain recognition based on the enormity of the challenge. Hackers have different attitudes and aims. They use different terms to differentiate themselves from each other, or to exclude themselves from specific groups that they have disagreements with. Members of the computer underground should be referred to as crackers and not hackers. A cracker is someone who gains unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit crimes such as information theft. The amount of data and its confidentiality amplifies the concerns that are raised over information technology ethics, and why they should be maintained. Organizations are then forced to device come up with ethical standards that will guide their employees conduct while at the same time ensuring that they remain within the bounds of acceptable public ethics. However, there has been a disregard of societal ethics where companies have employed espionage tactics over rival companies to gain unfair competitive advantage by hacking into their information systems or purchasing information from hackers. In other cases, inquisitive minors have done hacking using a computer and an internet connection. A good example is that of a juvenile who, in March of 1997, sent a couple of computer commands from his personal computer effectively and disabled a telephone company services that was serving an airport in the United States. Such actions have drawn major attention from security agencies such as the F.B.I, and they have made fighting computer hacking be one of their priorities. In the recent past, there has been an accelerated increase in the number of organized hacker groups all over the world. Such groups gather occasiona lly in conventions such as DEF CON, HoHoCon, and SummerCon and such conventions provide information and a means to learn from other members. Hackers also gain credibility by affiliating themselves to elite hacker organizations. Public interest groups such as the computer Ethics Institute have been in the frontline in trying to lay down the ethical standards that computer users should uphold. Various security agencies have highly prioritized cases of hacking to the extent of setting up a

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay Homosexuality, at least from the point of view of history, has seen many ups and downs. In fact, homosexuality itself could not be easily classified to be similar from other various racial or segregation issues such as skin color, language, culture, or religion because those factors have constantly experience negative treatments in the password in homosexuality, has been pointed out by the literature, has enjoyed relatively different approaches to pending on the culture, the timeline, and even the historical context where it is being applied. For example, from the point of view of historians and document literature on the subject of anthropology, researchers have uncovered that homosexuality is not a fairly recent occurrence but rather can be traced back as far back as documented history can show itself. For example, in ancient Greek, Celtic, and even prehistoric cultures such as the Indus Valley civilizations and prehistoric Egyptian cultures, homosexuality was already an occurrence that has been around and was actually freely accepted by the society where it was operating in. In fact, in anthropological texts and research, the subject of homosexual behavior may be from the point of view of romantic relationships, sexual interaction, and even family institution was freely accepted in those societies where in a significant measurement of civilization can be made (Isay, 2009). However, one commentary and theory on why homosexuality has arrived to the point of judgment and negative perception it has today has been pointed out by research as a result of strict monotheistic religious beliefs and Scripture. The three dominating monotheistic religions today on Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. And, both from popular convention and in the understanding of religious texts as well as the popular opinions of the leaders of the faiths, homosexuality ranges from a taboo concept in the reality of society towards even complete banning and be integrated into the religious thought to be illegal and Heretic. In fact, Islam, being one of the most powerful religions today because of its influence not only in Middle Eastern countries but also in other geographies such as Asia and other Western countries as well, having strict laws against homosexuality and homosexual behavior, continues to influence perception such that many new generations which follow that religion and that faith, although already relatively involved in global issues and global perception because of the Internet and other information communication technology, still look at homosexuality to be illegal and heretic act and concept because their religion states it to be so. In fact, in all three faiths, a popular Scripture is the city of Sodom and Gomorrah where in the monotheistic God of these religions punish this city because of its homosexual acts such as sodomy and the like. However, as researchers have also indicated, religions which are not classified under the leading monotheistic beliefs have basically taken homosexuality to be either a normal occurrence in human beings or have at least ignored the subject completely where its practitioners are able to say from a very point of view and spectrum that their faiths and spiritualities accept homosexual behavior. In fact, off all the eastern end not monotheistic religions that are popular in todays society, it is only Buddhism which freely accepts the reality of homosexuality and has been addressed by many of its search for leaders and discussed in many affair spiritual centers. However, because of the relatively low reach and population count of those belonging to this faith, at least from the point of view of religious commentary on homosexuality, it has not yet been able to pull homosexual perception towards the positive end of the spectrum which is cultural and contextual acceptance. On the other end of the contextual spectrum of religion, is a scientific approach of homosexual behavior. In such a perspective, origins of homosexuality have been discussed by researchers to be coming from biological factors rather than social factors. This approach has seen popularity only in fairly recent times because of such scientific projects and efforts such as the human genome project and the ability of advanced biology to indicate various genes, indicators, and factors that as researchers have pointed out, have a direct correlation and effect to the fact that individual turns out in the future to be Gay or not. In fact, this is not only a scientific attempt to explain such factors but has actually been published by many research and academic journals all over the world indicating that scientists have segregated various genetic functions which could associate or at least highly correlate an individuals homosexual behavior with the existence and activation of such genetic functions (Haslam Levy, 2006). This is the root of the modern argument of where homosexuality originates if it is brought about by the environment or by genetics. Such arguments, however, although fairly popular in the homosexual population, or at least in Western cultures where homosexuality is now freely accepted in society with relatively low levels of taboo perception, is not yet completely proven and documented in scientific picture enough to have any significant conclusions on the subject. Another perspective, perhaps the most popular, is an environmental perspective on homosexuality. According to this point of view, which is popular among behavioral scientists, psychologists, and social theorists, homosexuality comes about directly as a result of the environment and other external factors. Such arguments have developed relative popularity in the 20th century and even in the modern 21st century as behavioral scientists and psychologists have been able to more and more formulate theories that are backed up by statistical and essential data that was created using the scientific method of pointing out homosexual tendencies and the correlation and connection of society, other individuals, peers, and even family members and asked experiences in shaping its occurrence (Lewes Gilbert, 2009). As an individual, important processes and most cited upon the occurrence of being homosexual individuals the coming-out process. In fact, the coming-out process itself poses as one of the most significant in major hurdles of homosexuality in todays society because of the judgment that intrinsically comes about in the process itself. However, because of the popularity of such perspectives of scientific and behavioral basis of sexuality were in more and more members of society and even countries and classifications have culture as a whole are beginning to accept the validity of such research, evidence, and findings, the coming-out process, although has not been decreased at least from the point of view of difficulty, is today at least not judge as it was judge during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. Today, as from personal experience, the coming-out process and admitting not only to friends and family members but even to society as a whole the choice and eventual manifestation of sexual orientation has become easier if not more accepted. However, perhaps an interesting analysis is although such historical and scientific perspectives and frameworks have indeed help in the process of society accepted the existence of homosexuality in todays world, a very difficult approach would be to understand if such perspectives and scientific discoveries have shaped actually being homosexual. This is difficult to answer because causality is often impossible to connect especially if these perspectives and factors did not indeed have any contributions to being a homosexual individual. However, perhaps one factor that has shaped the choice of sexuality and orientation in todays world is the ability to recognize that there is such a concept as homosexuality and it is a fairly popular convention and many individuals in the world today are members of that orientation group. By recognizing such factor in fact, I as an individual have been able to classify myself an essential need according to behavioral psychologists and sociologists to a certain part and classification of todays environment and society and am able to learn much about myself as well as the culture I am living in today.

Marketing Strategies of Hyundai in India

Marketing Strategies of Hyundai in India A marketing strategy explains how the business will achieve the objectives laid down in the overall marketing plan . The marketing strategy explains how the business will reach its target audience , which should lead to an increase in the sales . Marketing strategies should include clearly defined roles and the responsibilities and should also set time scales to each task . A marketing strategy may seem similar to the business strategy , however it is different in that it focuses on one specific aspect of the business , the customers . A business strategy looks at all the components of a business such as the supply chain , the manufacturing operation , human resources and so on . The marketing strategy is only concerned with effecting a plan that will bring the businesses products or services to their target audience . WHY MARKETING STRATEGY IS IMPORTANT ? Marketing plays an important role in the strategic planning process for many organizations . Although some marketing positions are represented at the corporate level , most are at the functional level within the business units of an organization . Marketing is involved in the strategic planning at all organizational levels . Strategic marketing describes the marketing activities that affect the corporate , business,and marketing strategic plans . Strategic marketing activities can be classified into three basic functions . First, marketers help orient everyone in the organization toward markets and the customers . Thus , they are responsible for helping the organizations execute a marketing philosophy throughout the strategic planning process. Second , marketers help gather and analyze the information required to examine the current situation , identify trends in the marketing environment , and assess the potential impact of these trends . This information and analysis provides input for the corporate , business , and marketing strategic plans . Third , marketers are involved in the development of the corporate , business , and marketing strategic plans . Marketings influence varies across the organizations . For organizations driven by a marketing philosophy , marketing necessarily plays a key role in the strategic decision making . The trend toward pushing the strategic planning responsibility further down the organization is increasing the marketings clout in an organizations strategic planning process . Marketing management relates to specific product the marketing strategies . It differs from strategic marketing in its basic orientation . Strategic marketing focuses on the broad strategic decisions at the corporate and the business levels . Marketing management is concerned , by contrast , with specific strategic decisions for individual products and the day-to-day activities needed to execute these strategies successfully . At the operating level , marketing managers must focus on the four Ps of the marketing mix : price, product, promotion, and place . The strategic role of the marketing and marketing management are now in a period of considerable change and evolution . These changes are due to a number of important environmental phenomena that are affecting the way many firms do the business. To begin, many well known companies work closely with dedicated partners on the supply side and the distributor side of their business , expecting their distributors to play pro-active roles in the development of the services and marketing strategy . For example on the supply side , the modern day Nike does very little manufacturing of its own and focuses largely on the marketing . In this vein , companies such as this are actually embedded in the business networks , comprising strategic alliances among the suppliers, distributors , and the marketing firm . MARKETING STRATEGIES OF HYUNDAI MOTORS IN INDIA HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY The Hyundai Motor Company is a South Korean multinational automaker headquartered in Seoul , South Korea . Hyundai was founded in 1967 and it along with Kia , together comprise the Hyundai Motor Group , which is the worlds fourth largest automobile manufacturer based on annual vehicle sales in 2010 . In 2008 , Hyundai (without Kia) ranked as the eighth largest automaker . In 2012 , Hyundai sold over 3.6 million vehicles worldwide . Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan , which is capable of producing 1.6 million units annually . The company employees about 75,000 persons worldwide . Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms . Chung Ju-Yung founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947 . Hyundai Motor Company was later established in 1967 . The companys first model , the Cortina , was released in cooperation with Ford Motor Company in 1968 . When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car , they hired George Turnbull , the former Managing Director of Austin Morris at British Leyland . He in turn hired five other top British car engineers . They were Kenneth Barnett body design , engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman , John Crosthwaite ex -BRM as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer . In 1975 , the Pony , the first Korean car , was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of ItalDesign and power train technology provided by Japans Mitsubishi Motors . Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries . HYUNDAI IN INDIA Hyundai Motor India Limited is currently the second largest auto exporter from India . It is making India the global manufacturing base for the small cars . Hyundai sells several models in India , the most popular being the Santro Xing , i10 and the i20 . Other models include Getz Prime, Accent, Terracan, Elantra, second generation Verna, Tucson, Santa Fe and the Sonata Transform . Hyundai has two manufacturing plants in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.. Both plants have a combined annual capacity of 600,000 units . In the year 2007, Hyundai opened its RD facility in Hyderabad , employing now nearly 450 engineers from different parts of the country . Hyundai Motor India Engineering (HMIE) gives technical engineering support in Vehicle development and CAD CAE support to Hyundais main RD center in Namyang Korea . In 2010 , Hyundai started its design activities at Hyderabad RD Center with the Styling, Digital Design Skin CAD Teams . South Korean car maker Hyundai, which as per reports is also worlds fastest growing automaker and fourth largest car manufacturer across the globe , has launched a new car , Hyundai EON in October 2011 in India . Eon is an entry-level car but at the same time it is very spacious with a large boot . The car has 814 cc engine, promising to deliver the mileage of over 20 km per litre . MARKETING STRATEGIES OF HYUNDAI IN INDIA Target Markets Hyundai marketing strategy is differentiated marketing.The primary consumer target is middle to upper income professionals , who need value for their money and comfortable ride in city conditions .The secondary consumer target is college students who need style and speed . The primary business target is mid sized to large sized corporates that want to help their managers and employess by providing them a car with ease of transport . The secondary business target is entrepreneurs and small business owners who want to provide discounts to managers buying a new car. Marketing Communications By integrating all messages in all media the Hyundai will reinforce the brand name main points of product differentiation . Research about media consumption , pattern will help the advertising agency to choose appropriate media and timing to reach prospects before during the product introduction .Thereafter , advertising will appeared on a pulsing basis to maintain brand awareness and communicate various differentiation messages . The agency will also co-ordinate public relation efforts to build Hyundai brand support the differentiation message . To attract market attention encourage purchasing , the Hyundai offer a limited time , registration insurance . To attract ,retain motivate channel partners for a push strategy , the Hyundai use trade sales promotions and personal selling to channel partner . Road shows The company plans to stage road shows , to display vehicles in the pavilions during various college festivals and exhibition . This will appeal to youngsters more and attracts them towards the cars of Hyundai. Television advertisements Advertisements to promote and market the products will be shown on leading television channels. Major music and sports channels will promote and they will reach out to the youth will be promoted through Star , Zee , Sony and Doordarshan etc as it has more viewers . Radio Radio is the medium with the widest coverage . Studies have recently shown high levels of exposure to radio broadcasting both within urban and rural areas , whether or not listeners actually own a set.. So radio announcements will be made and advertisements will be announced on the radio about the products features and price, qualities, etc. Print Ads Daily advertisements in leading newspapers and magazines will be used to promote the products. Leaflets at the initial stage will be distributed at railway stations, malls, college areas and various other locations . Workshops and Seminars Workshops and seminars will be held in colleges and big corporate to make people aware about the companies past performance and products features , their affordability and usage , vast distribution network . Road shows will be conducted where free trials of the cars would be given . Banners, neon signs Hoardings , banners , neon signs will be displayed at clubs , discs , outside theatres and shops to promote the brand cars . Booklets and pamphlets Booklets will be kept at car showrooms , retail battery outlets , etc for the customer to read. These booklets will provide information about the company , the products offered which suits the customers need accordingly . Rural Marketing Hyundai Motors India has introduced a new marketing initiative Ghar Ghar Ki Pehchaan to tap the India rural car market . The company has rolled out special schemes for government employees in rural areas and members of gram panchayats on the purchase of Santro . Hyundai Motor is keen to expand its market to rural areas with setting up 300 new rural sale outlets , all this expansion is in progress for the launch of the cheapest car from the Hyundai stable until November this year . Currently Hyundai is maintaining its standard 325 dealership outlets within cities and this new expansion strategy could make the rural outlet number network extend to 1,000 . Hyundai Motors , Indias second largest car manufacturer has announced to generate employment for about 2,000 sales executives at these rural outlets . According to Hyundai Motors , the car markets which are present in areas outside the superior 40 cities are marked under rural areas . Arvind Saxena , director of marketing sales at Hyundai Motor India given in an interview to Financial Chronicle said that the company has already placed 700 new outlets at rural areas with 300 more coming in way within the next few months . These outlets are just the basic models made with small investments and these are not the typical permanent outlets made with brick and stone . Their basic plan is to give a feel to rural folks with car demonstrations , test drives in addition with basic little repair requirements . The size dimensions for these rural showrooms would be 900 sq ft.. Around 150 of these rural outlet showrooms would house a 2,000 sq ft service workshop of their own . A four member team is made with 2 sales and two executives for service by the Korean Autocar giant for the rural model and they will visit the rural outlets at regular intervals. The ever increasing importance of rural areas is signified from figures which show that they contribute about 31 per cent in sales for the company. According to Saxena the company plans to generate 33 per cent share, by the end of 2013 from these rural models as they help amazingly in increasing the sales. It is estimated that 356,717 cars were sold by Hyundai n 2012.

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi Leadership is an influencing process between the leader and the followers which can be achieved by organization objectives through change. There is no universal definition for a Leadership, it is complex; it can be studied in different situation. For this assignment I have chosen a Sonia Gandhi as my leader, The world known as Sonia Gandhi born on 9th December1946 as an Edvige Antonia Albina Maino at Lusiana,Italy and grew up as older daughter of her parents. She live a normal life in a Lusiana in roman catholic family and attended a catholic school (BBC News, 2009[1]).Her story started when their parents send her for study English at the Bell educational trust language school in the city of Cambridge where she meet Rajiv Gandhi in a Greek restaurant in 1965 (Glen Owen and Nick Meo, 2004[8]), where she was working and they fall in love at first sight. Rajiv Gandhi was enrolled as an engineering student at Trinity College at university of Cambridge. According to Peter Popham, 1999[4], against her father objection she went to India and got married in 1968 and move to her mother-in-law house Indira Gandhi who was consider as The First Lady in India. As her husband does not have any hunger for the politics but the accidental killing of his brother sucked into the politics in the year 1980 an d the killing of his mother bring him in the highest office in 1984. Sonia Gandhi never wanted her husband in the politics but the vortex bring Rajiv in the politics, the reason for her oppose was that she fears that her husband will be killed same her mother had been. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 stays her away from the politics in spite of so many requests from the congress party member. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[7], after her husband death in 1991 she made herself away from the Indian politics but in spite of request by the congress leader she refuse to stay away from the Indian politics. The request of the party member to join Sonia Gandhi to congress was as they believe that she can romp the power on the base of sympathy, and the party will plaster her image to get the sympathy vote from the people of India. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[8] her husband was not also a natural politician, but a polite, shy personality but acts he was a reluctant t ouch barer for his party and after his death his wife Sonia Gandhi was offered that touch to enlightens who never have any interest in politics nor attempted to act as a welding any political powers. According to Daniel Lak, 1998[5] Sonia Gandhi joined congress party in 1998 because the unity was under threat and the resignation from many of the senior congress leaders from the past years. She started her political career in 1998 from the same place where her husband was killed Sriperumbudur a palace near Tamil Nadu (Now Chennai) in India. According to Peter Phoham, 2004[6] during her maiden speech in 1999 election she readout her speech partly in English and party in Hindi .The election was disastrous for the congress party not due to the lackluster new leader but due to the congress worn out its image due to the corruption scandals, sharing of power internally and too arrogant to share the power with the smaller parties in the past which results again lost for congress party in th e general election 1999 ,(Associated Press,1999[10]).Some of the senior member blaming her Italian origin for one of the cause of party defeat in the election of 1999,a uprising situation within her party. After the defeat of 1999 general election and the rebellion against her in her party boost her and she was listening of her inner voice. Her next planning was to restore the unity and harmony in the party, she started working strategically with the party member for the next election and the entry of her son in the politics boosts her strength. She never thinks to become a prime minister but to strength the inner structure of the party. (Luke Harding, 2000[9]) the entry of Sonia Gandhi and the defeat of congress party in 1999 election critics Sonia Gandhi leadership qualities, many of the party member do not have a trust on the new leader and they alliances with the rival party. They believe that she might imitate like Indira Gandhi which was consider as an authoritarian style of l eadership. According to Mark Ellis, 2004[24] During the 2004 Election her tireless campaigning and due to her believe in her party attract crowds toward herself campaigning on the basic issue of water, electricity and sanitary and also made herself popular help to win the general election of 2004, according to Stephen khan, 2004[12] she turn down from the post of first lady after a tremendous win on the general election of 2004 and in spite of the requested by the party member she leave side the thrown ,after congress party selected Dr. Manmohan Singh as a Prime Minister of India in 2004.According to Michael Sheridan,2005[25] Dr. Manmohan Singh is a brilliant economic reformer but the actual control was in the hand of Sonia Gandhi, Mr. Singh plan to open the Indian rigid economy but the control button in the hand of stalwarts Sonia Gandhi. Mr. Singh Proposed privatization but she vetoed them, there are some rivalries but both communicate with each other with complete understanding. Now her target was to win the general election of 2009, This time she introduce so many grandstand scheme for the poor people which includes the debt waiver for thirty million poor farmers, a massive job creation scheme for the rural unemployed peoples, According to Jeremy Page, 2008[26] the 225 million pound project of railway carriage which can generate a ten thousand job opportunities for the rural peoples. The congress was talking about the welfare for the poor people but UPA Government led by Sonia Gandhi and the Mr. Singh also was watching the inflation rose. In the Year 2008 the inflation has rose to 7.8 % it was the major alarm for the government. The Reserve Bank of India has a comfort level of 5 % (Financial Times, 2008[27]) the solution for this is not lies on the short term monetary policies but for the long term promote for agriculture productivities, energy efficiencies and the restructure for the transport systems, meantime Congress under the leadership of Sonia Gandh i to stop their rival opposition BJP party not to gain momentum. After above all analyses the situation the question arises that what is her leadership capabilities to stay in so long in a power and managed to be the most powerful women of the world at Forbes 2009 list. (Heidi Brown, 2009[31]) Key Capabilities of Sonia Gandhi: In order to analyze the key capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, we need to analyze how effective she is? In order to answer this question we need to find the key capabilities which made her effective leader from 1999 onwards in Indian politics. According to Len Sperry, 2002 [28] Effective leaders are those which are more concern for the needs of their organization and their community beyond their own needs. They are more concern for balancing personal development for their follower and themselves. According to Kouzes and Posner, 2007[29] a exemplary leader are those which clarify the values, set examples, leads by example, envision the future, search for opportunities, experiment and take risk, create the climate of trust, strengths their followers, recognize contributions and celebrate the values and victories. They create the climate to turn opportunities into success. According to Fielder and Chemers,1974[30] analyze the performance of a leader in the situations in which they lead.They develop a frame work based on contingency theory in which leadership style are described as task motivated those concern with reaching a goal and Relationship Motivated those concern with developing close interpersonal relationship. According to Christopher Early and Elaine Mosakowski, 2004, analyze the cultural intelligence in which a person understand the other person culture and later adjust accordingly. There are three sources for it cognitive, physical, and emotional. The person those are motivated, alert toward the problems and poised to understand can able to attain the acceptable Cultural intelligent. Now I am going to analyze the strength and the weakness of Sonia Gandhi: Leadership Strength of Sonia Gandhi: Sonia Gandhi definitely a transactional leader style, when she joins the congress party there was lack of leadership. Ability to Learn from her mistake, the major defeat by their opposition in election of 1999 thats allow her to learn her mistakes and help her party members to win the general election in 2004 and 2009.The Mistake which she meet in the electoral of 1999 by standing herself as a prime minister candidates in an anti Hindu nationalist.(Ray Marceleno,2003[11]) Sonia Gandhi is a Christian and to succeed Hindu dominated country like India she response with circumspection and cunning by pilgrimage to Hindu sites.(The Independent, The (London, England)/Financial Times,1999[2]) Power and Position is not the aim for her. After the astonishing victory in 2004,she turn down as a prime minister.(Stephen Khan,2004[12]) Sonia Gandhi is more courageous Torchbearer in the Nehru dynasty. Build the Party Image, after astonishing Victory twice in Indian History; she is indirectly serving the country. (James Lamount, 2009[13]). Sonia Gandhi was the architecture for the congress party help to win the election in 2004.She motivates demoralized party into a compiling zeal and defeats the Hindu nationalist party in the general election.(James Lamont,2008[14]) She has a good Communication skills, a person mould herself from Italian origin to Indian land is one of the difficult task, as meeting with a people in village where Hindi is the only source of language and she work on her language skills and win the election twice. She has a good negotiating skills, After the general election of 2004,she negotiated with the secular parties in order to conciliate the secular front to successfully formed the government.(Irish Times,2004[15]) She has very hard working person, her tireless Champaign in the sweltering heat for her party, and the wining in the election proves that she is not a handicap in spite of others believe in her Italian Heritage.(David Orr,2004[19]) The selection of Dr.Manmohan Singh for the second time in 2009 as a prime minister candidate without any internal debates indicate her strength for power and control over the government.(Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),2008[17]. Leadership Weakness of Sonia Gandhi: The is so many instance of Sonia Gandhi leadership weaknesses, one of the instance is that the entry of his son Rahul Gandhi in the Indian politics at one side he is a strength for her but on the other it create a feeling of nepotism which is a leadership weakness and all the party member is treating him as a future prime minister. Some time power and position control by others make so many wrong decision, She refuses the prime minister seat and put in place a her behest Dr.Manmohan Singh to the prime minister seat but indirectly controlling all the decision for the prime minister post. The nuclear deal between Indian and America is one of the good examples for this. (Economic Intelligence unit View Wire News Analysis (England), 2007[16]) The turn down from the prime minister post also indicate her weakness of fear to get assassinate, The mother in law and her husband those assassinated during their highest office in India. The fear to get assignation might be one of the reason to get down from the post of Prime minister.(Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),2004[18]) She pointed out so many problems and if government overcomes this entire problem can able to make better India, but till now government as not yet started to work on these projects. This shows that as a leader she identifies the problem with no solution. This is also one of her weakness.(Financial Times,2006[20]) Analysis of Leadership capabilities and style of Sonia Gandhi: To Analysis of different capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, first of all need to understand the characteristic of Her Leadership Style: She is more focus on a social cause. She is more dedicated to her Husband dream to build a modern India. She is dutiful toward the Congress party and especially depends on the party decision. When working alone she is more dedicated toward her husband cause and the Mother -in-law cause in her mind to her safety and agreement. Sonia Gandhi attributes transactional leadership style of Reward e.g. Many of the follower getting position in her ministry of government formation like Dr.Manmohan Singh as a Prime minister as two consecutive Period, P.Chitabaram as a Union Minister of Home Affair and many others get reward in term of position and money and punishments to them if they do not obey to them in terms of recent News of replacement of chief minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujpal and Mr. Suresh Kalmadi CEO of Common Wealth Game. According to D.Golleman, 2001[23] Extraordinary leader has different way of directing their group, some of them are analytical, others are charismatic and can go with their gut. Their leadership type depends upon the situation. The effective leader has high degree of emotional intelligence. It is a kind of sin quo non for a leadership. The emotional intelligence not only distinguishes from extraordinary leader but also link to outstanding performance. Research also proves that the right approach can develop their emotional intelligent. Thus in order to analyze the Sonia Gandhi emotional intelligent with the five components at works are as follows: Self Awareness: This is the capabilities of a person for realistic self assessment. Sonia Gandhi has a high self awareness as she know that her Italian nationality will affect if she go for the prime minister post, it was also her self-awareness that she will be targeted like husband and her mother in-law if she will stay in the highest office. Self Regulation: This is the ability of self control. As Sonia Gandhi has a high self control as one of the reason for her success. There are many instances where her Italian birth created a problem but with her trustworthiness and integrity she architect the party situation and make strong in the general election for 2004 and 2009,And with the self control she make a place in the heart of all Indian and proves that she is loyal to the country and her party. Motivation: It is a passion beyond money and status to achieve success. Sonia Gandhi is highly motivated with her party, during the general election for 2004 she attended three to four companying in a day. When the future of the party was in danger she joins the party and her passion to success and believe in the people, analyze the basic problem which help party to win the election. Empathy: This is the ability to understand the emotion of the others people. In term of Sonia Gandhi this empathy is lacking somewhere, in spite of the party member request to become the Prime minister she listens to her inner voice. Social Skills: This is the ability of a person to make friendliness and pursue to move in their direction. It is building and leading a team. The above three component which includes self awareness, self regulation and motivation is all about the self managerial skills and the other two components of empathy and social skill is more about the peoples ability to manage the team. But the control of Sonia on the party is more than the social skills; it is more sense to say that it is a respect as a torchbearer of Nehru Dynasty in the party member than the friendliness which peruses them to achieve their objective. Conclusion: The above evidence of Sonia Gandhi leadership style conclude that some time situation can develop a leadership quality in spite it is not your birth palace, sometime the vortex can throw into the politics and you have to control it effectively. The same situation is with Sonia Gandhi in which she started as a leader for Congress, a country in which Hindi is the First language , A country which is dominated by the Hindus and a person of Christian origin, A country having a one of the complex democracy in the world, obligation on her Italian origin, The tragedy of assassination of her mother in-law and her husband when they are at their highest office of the country which was not an easy task but with her charismatic style she made it, The entry of her in the politics and disastrous lost of her party in that election, revolt against her in the party, believe of few of the party member that she might be imitate as a Indira Gandhi which was consider as a authoritarian style of leadership qualities, A lady which is treated as sphinx after the marriage till the death of her husband. In spite of so many difficulties, lack of experience, she was motivated with her husband dream and decided to not to give up so easily, she is able to manage and learn from the past mistake, effectively response with the situation and with her transactional leadership style she architects the Congress party and shows a new direction to the country with her leadership qualities. She proves herself as a true Indian. But the entry of her son one side boost her political career but same time it is a feeling of nepotism factor toward her son, also the nuclear deal with USA is one of her weakness which will affect the development of the country in future. According to Len Sperry, 2002 effective leader are those which can balance the personal development their followers and themselves. Effective leaders have a high degree of emotional intelligence of five components at works research by D.Golema n, 2001,Sonia Gandhi have high degree of self awareness, self regulation and motivation but she is lacking in empathy and social skills which is a very crucial for herself as a effective leadership. 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Financial Times,17 May[Online], http://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=1158A165F02F53C0p_docnum=57p_queryname=1 (accessed on 7th November2010) P T.Joseph, SJ (2007), EQ and Leadership, Tata McGraw Hills, New Delhi. D.Goleman, Michael MacCoby,Thomas Devenport,Jonh C. Berk,Clampa Dan, (2001), Harvard Business Review on What Makes a Leader, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Google.(Online)Available at : http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=062ZmEc3dmACprintsec=frontcoverdq=inauthor:%22Daniel+Goleman%22hl=enei=S17XTPKhDMawhQew4ISvBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=5ved=0CEgQ6wEwBDgK#v=onepageqf=false (Accessed on 7th November2010) Mark Ellis(2004),Sonia: the New Mrs Gandhi,The Mirror,14 May,[online].Available at http://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docp_docid=10292711A017C00Ap_docnum=4p_queryname=3 (Accessed on 8th November2010) Micheal Seridan(2005),Indias ruling odd couple fall out, Sunday Times,15 May,[online].Available at http://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=10A2B0EF968AB0AEp_docnum=12p_queryname=19 (Accessed on 8th November2010) Jeremy Page,(2008),Political Queen battle it out over plan for 10,000 Jobs-India, The Times,14 October,[Online].Available at http://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=123D1A7A22CEE380p_docnum=18p_queryname=25 (Accessed on 8th November2010) Financial Times,(2008),India Battle with return of Inflation-Long Term solution are needed, but not implemented, Financial Times,5 May,[Online].Available at http://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=1207B6E739D23348p_docnum=25p_queryname=25 (Accessed on 8th November2010) Len Sperry, 2002, Effective Leadership, London, Brunner-Rout ledge. J. M.Kouzes, B. Z. Posner, (2007),The Leadership Challenge, Forth Edition USA, Jossey Bass Peter G.Northhouse, 1997, Leadership Theory and Practice, USA, SAGE Publication, Inc. Heidi Brown,2009,The 100 Most powerful women in the world,Forbes.com,8 August[online],available at http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/11/power-women-09_Sonia-Gandhi_W5BY.html (Accessed on 12th November2010)

The Underworld, Logos, and the Poetic Imagination Essay -- Essays Pape

The Underworld, Logos, and the Poetic Imagination I In the Odyssey of Homer, Odysseus travels to the underworld and meets the soul of Achilles, who bitterly comments on existence after death: O shining Odysseus, never try to console me for dying. I would rather follow the plow as thrall to another man, one with no land allotted him and not much to live on, than be a king over all the perished dead.[1] The ancient Greek interpretation of death, as expressed by Homer, portrays the Underworld as a horrible place, terrifying in its monotony and lack of meaning; and Death is something to be feared and avoided as long as possible. Poetry's representation of death has changed dramatically since Homer, especially in the hands of more modern poets like Rilke and Gregory Orr, who, in their handling of the Orpheus and Alcestis myths, treat death as desirable, even more fulfilling than life. In the earlier Greek versions of the Orpheus myth, Eurydice reacts with despair when she loses her only chance to return to the realm of the living. In the modern poetry of Rilke and Orr, however, Eurydice does not want to leave the Underworld. Indeed, returning to life is a painful and dreadful experience for her. She responds to the possibility of life with the same hesitation and fear that the Homeric heroes felt toward death. What has not changed, however, from Homer to the twentieth century is that we do not know what happens after death, and we still use poetry as a means of addressing the uncertainty of death. Poetry is our way of immortalizing and idealizing the dead, and, consequently, the poet acts as the bridge between the living and the dead. II The Iliad begins with the invocation of the Muse, or the poet en... ... her back,/ to hurt her into memory." Gregory Orr, Betrayals/Hades, Eurydice, Orpheus, in City of Salt, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), ll. 10-15, p. 34. [8] Martin Heidegger, "Being and Time," Basic Writings, Edited by David Farrell Krell (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1993), 78. [9] When Heidegger speaks of the Logos with a capital "L," he is speaking of some sort of higher, transcendent truth. When he speaks of logos with a lower-case "l," he simply means "word." [10] Heidegger, "On the Essence of Truth," Basic Writings, Edited by David Farrell Krell (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1977), 125. [11] Heidegger, Early Greek Thinkers, Translated by David Farrell Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1975), 73. [12] Rilke, Sonnets to Orpheus, I, 2, ll. 1-5, p. 229.

Essay --

Surviving the drop of an atomic bomb and trying to live a normal life after such a tragic event, is the most difficult goal anyone can achieve. Hiroshima, by John Hershey takes us into the memories of six survivors that made it through the attack and how they managed to get their life back together. Forty years after the bombing many survivors were still haunted by the horrifying event, but as time went on they were willing to share their experiences and let the world know that they made were alive and survived. On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb to be dropped on a city destroyed Hiroshima, Japan and its people. Mr. Tanimoto, the pastor of the Hiroshima Methodist Church, was uninjured and with the help of Father Kleinsorge, a Jesuit priest, they managed to get people to safety at Asano Park a private estate on the outskirts of town. They consoled the wounded and also brought water for those who needed it from the river. Among those that were ill from the radiation of the bomb in Asano Park was Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura, a tailor’s widow, and her children. Miss Toshinki Sasaki, a young clerk, is suffering from a leg fracture and won’t be treated until weeks after the explosion. Dr. Masakazu Fuji, a physician, is unable to aid anyone else after the bombing due to his minor injuries when he fell into the river and was squeezed between two large timbers. On the other hand, Dr. Terufumi Sasaki, a young surgeon, remains the only uninjured doctor in the Red Cross Hospital and tend s to the wounded, unable to leave his spot and or get rest for months after the explosion. Weeks after the bombing Japan begin to rebuild its city, but a new terror strikes: radiation sickness. The victims of the radiation sickness, such as Mrs. Nakamura us... ...ever receive help from my people as well if I was ever in a situation similar to what happened to Hiroshima. In my opinion, I think that the book was intended for teens and adults because of the author’s great use of imagery and detail. Also I believe that to have a better understanding of why Hiroshima was bombed, we would need to have background knowledge of WWII and what Japan did to the United States to make us use the atomic bomb on their city. I think that the major theme in this book is the people of Hiroshima’s will to survive. This book shows how people react in a crisis and what they chose to do to rebuild their lives. It also demonstrates the human spirit and our will to live on even after we face so much death and disaster. Survival is a key that will help us get return to our normal lives, so that we will be able to achieve greater goals in the future.

How Do the Major Theories of Child Development Essay

Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interaction with experience and cognitive schemata. Some theories explore the theory that development also plays a role in social experience. There are many theories of development, but some are more influential and have inspired a lot of research. There are four main contrasting theories of child development that not only help us to understand child development as a whole, but also assist us in the understanding of the role of social experiences in child development. These four theories of development are often referred to as the ‘grand theories’ as they cover all aspects of child development, not just specific parts. The four grande theories are behaviourist theory, the social learning model, constructivist theory, and social constructivist theory. This essay will discuss and outling the four main theories of development, compare and contrast some of the concepts of the main theories, then discuss whether or not the theory is able to explain the role of social experiences in child development. Behaviourism used to be the most dominant theory in psychology throughout the 1950’s and 1960’s. The evidence provided by the behaviourist experimental technique has been was very important to the discipline of psychology, and many of the theories have stood up to the test of time. Behaviourist psychologists such as were Ivan Pavlov, John Watson and B. F. Skinner. They used techniques such as conditioning (classical conditioning and operand conditioning) to explore the theories of child development. The behaviourist view on child development is that children learn by conditioning, which means that children’s behaviour is affected by a series of rewards and punishments. This learning theory suggests that children are not active in the process of learning; it is as though they are allowing themselves to be shaped by agents in the environment around them, such as teachers and parental models. One criticism of the behaviourist approach is it’s inability to explain the role of social experiences in child development. This is because behaviourism is primarily focused on experimental and scientific methods, and it is limited in the respect that it does not take into account aspects of human nature which can not be measured by the experimental method alone. Emotions and feelings require can not be fully understood by observation alone; it requires a certain degree of introspection. The behaviourist model has explained some very important aspects of cognative development and learning, but more recent theories have shown that the shaping of a child’s mind is far more complex than conditioning alone. In the 1960’s, the social learning model was created and it was proposed that children learn through simply observing other people around them. Role models are an important part of the social learning model. Research has shown that children will often imitate aggression that they have witnessed through watching other people (Liebert et al. , 1977). This is in contrast with the behaviourist learning theory that children learn through reward and punishment. In 1965, Bandura conducted a study where he explored the hypothesis that children can experience social learning without conditioning. He argued that while children learn by observing and mimicking others, they are also extracting concepts and ideas from what they are observing, and making sense of situations on their own. This is in contrast to the behaviourist view that children are not active agents in their own learning. One criticism of this research is that while this is an insight into how children learn by observation, it tells us very little about the cognitive processes and the development of social schemata. The constructivist view of development was formed by Piaget in the 1920’s and 30’s. Jean Piaget’s stage theory suggests that there are four stages of development that every child will experience and progress through, regardless of culture. Piaget also developed the concept of schemata, and the theory that children gained knowledge through interaction between experiences and schematic concepts. Piaget’s theory is contrary to the behaviourist model as he believed that through observation, children ‘construct’ their own understanding of the world, based on their own experiences and prior knowledge. Piaget believed that this type of learning was more influential than instruction from a teacher or caregiver. Piaget and Binet conducted research into the role of cognitive schema and it’s involvement in the process of learning. They carried out an experiment where they conducted a series of intelligence tests on both children and adults. From this research, Piaget found that children and adults look at the world differently, which as a result causes children to build upon their own schemata on their own term. This is because their reasoning differs from that of adults, so they need to make sense of the world using their own rational. Piaget emphasised the importance of interaction with peers in development. Children learn through socialising with one another, and surprisingly they do not appear to benefit in the same way from contact with Adults. Piaget reasoned that children benefit from exposing one another to conflicting perspectives, which causes them to adapt and develop their cognitive schema. This development does not occur when children are in contact with adults, as they see adults as authority figures, and thus would be willing to accept an adult viewpoint without questioning it, which does not allow them to form new ideas or critique old ideas. The fourth and final theory of development that will be discussed is the social constructivism theory. This theory is similar to the constructivist theory as it proposes that children are active agents in their own learning and development. The social constructivism theory extends the constructivism model by introducing the roles of other agents, and by emphasising the role of interaction in the process of learning. The constructive theory places emphasis on social interaction as an important tool in cognitive development, and that schema are formed by children mostly through social interaction, not just through creating the ideas on their own . Vygotsky was a social constructivist whose theories can be contrasted with Piaget’s contructivist theories. Piaget believed that children are the main agents in developing their own knowledge and cognitive schemata about the things they have experiences in the environment. In contrast, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on the development of social schemata through the internalisation of social interactions using cultural tools such as language and expressions. The social constructivist model can be contrasted with social learning theories because it emphasises interaction with people and the environment, and put less emphases on observation. It can also be contrasted with behaviourism as the theory does not appear to value the possible effects of reward and punishment. The main differences between Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s theories is that Vygotsky believed that children play the most important part in shaping their cognitive development, which is in contrast to Piaget’s theory of the four universal stages of development. Vygotsky did not incorporate stages of development into his theory, and instead tended to focus on more social factors and role of language and other social tools. Vigotsky’s (1978) social constructivist approach was able to explore the social influences on cognitive development. Piaget’s theory was more focused on children creating new knowledge and cognitive schema through their own self exploration. Crain (2000) believed that some theories focus too much on learning by instruction, and that children were able to learn on their own and through social interaction, so it it important to allow them to explore this in order for them to be active, imaginative and ‘childish’. However other theories have suggested that if the process of learning under instruction is left too late then it may be too late to teach children more dult styles of thinking and reasoning. The social learning theory is possibly the model that places the least emphases on social experiences out of the four primary learning theories. The social part of the theory is the process of learning through observation. This theory does not place much emphasis on how social experiences relate to the development of cognitive schema, or how cognitive schemata facilitate social experiences. Children gain knowledge and bridge pathways through simply watching others in the environment around them. It can be seen from the descriptions of the four main theories of development that not all of them take into account of the role of social experiences in child development. They all appear to make valid claims about the different ways in which children develop complex ideas about the world. From studying these four theories, it seems as though children develop through many different means. Internal structures, role models, and traditional teachings in school, all play an important role in shaping a childs development. Social interaction is possibly equaly as important, if not more important in facilitating normal development in children.

Jollibee Case Analysis Essay

executive director SummaryJollibee Food Corporation is a Filipino unfaltering forage send that overt in 1975 and has been on the course of study of expansion since thusly. IT capitalised on the miscellanys that came its office to iron the competition from chumps like McDonalds and KFC. The case toweringlights the orbicular expansion scheme that they fol uttered backfired delinquent to which they had to rent a extraction revamping their strategies. The follow has an opportunity in Papua smart-make guinea fowl, atomic number 20 and Hong Kong nonwithstanding in advance fetching that decision they ask to work upon their front issues to experience the success in these countries. savings bank now the firm is being direct in two par in all toldel organisations with no cooperation and coordination among the two which has military issueed in chaos and a strained relation amongst the two. We confound through this case analysis admitd a complete picture of th e Jollibee operations on with the strategies and the way ahead. An analysis presented that the troupe is lilliputianly in betwixt the benignantwideization and topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaestheticisation of function system. We take in recommended the guild to follow multinational dodging that would serve up them achieve an usefulness twowhere the competitors.Industry and Firm aim psychoanalysis * INDUSTRY consider got aim compendThe sporting fodder manufacturing is fundamentally a real highly combative securities industry that strives on damage give wayership. The effort is slipd by both transnational players who have massive finances The pains faces low margins and experiences profits on the footing of the economies of racing shell. The key to achieve economies of scale is selecting the remediate location to attract traffic and a highly efficient operation charge. In the troubled food industry the harvest-festival offer atomic r ecite 18 al close to the same. So what make a difference ar the things like the usefulness, providing extra drinks / any oppo rankwise supplementary harvest-feast with your main product. The profi handicapleness depends on the client traffic, location, operation management. elaboration happens approximatelyly through Franchi identifys and joystick Ventures, it is very important to attain Economies of Scale to do well in this kind of industry as the cost of all juve nixe(prenominal)wise things as we all know is hardly increasing manifold. And tied(p) then the accord in the food graphic symbol is unrivalled of the major areas of concerns.* POTTERS atomic publication 23 FORCESi. Rivalry Among The Competitors High*As explained in the case the competitor had an payoff in terms of stigma name, the profitability, the node secondary they had . Also high because of the high calibration in terms of quality, quantity, p sift, procedures and moldes which are akin and o n that points competition to sign on better in these aspects.ii. Threat Of parvenu Entrant To Industry diminished* delinquent to the high tariff barrier and the advan noticee of economies of scale, diverseiation that a firm bunks over time. Also in this industry mess mostly dont carrier bag soft cod to the degustation ad righteousment and the ability to commit any varied mug quality is low.iii. Threats Of Substitute harvest-time Low* Jollibee managed to serve their customers at low-priced price, good service and the hence gained a brand name eventually, so the fallellum of a new substitute is low , again because of the ability or nature of consumers to shift to opposite brand easily is low.iv. Bargaining exponent Of The Suppliers- Low* The raw material required for food industry could be sourced from octuple suppliers and the shifting cost are less(prenominal). v. Consumers Bargaining Power- High* political collapsey depends on the consumers for its profi table business and the company necessitate to adhere to the consumers tastes, preferences and prices as there are many competitors to whom they whitethorn shift to. Also the entrants are judge to be less in number, so it is better to suit the ineluctably of the vivacious buyers than to stand different from them.* FIRM LEVEL ANALYSISValuesThe firm puts the customers as the base of all their operations. The customers should be kept in the minds graduation exercise and then scarcely any further decisions should be made hold opening their conducts in mind. The co-ordination between the different teams and the different trains also is considered to be very high. High useable faculty and a well laid tabu envision with h peerlesssty, integrity as a part of their appreciate system. Feeling of one unit and one family is considered to be their anteriority as they expanded immensely into different countries and regions. Employees have the art of listening and communicating all(prenominal)thing that the customers want.MissionThe mission statement of we fix great taste and happiness to eitherone showcases its brand as quality based and high in consumer utility. They stand by their tag line and portray their brand in this context.Vision1) Their aim to become the most dominant, quality oriented, quick service restaurant, the most endearing brand that has ever been.2) They provide FSC excellence in every jiffy3) They go away lead in product sales all time4) They go forth be within the r distributively of every PhilippineThus the 3 Bs helped attain these strategies which are, boost the standards of fast food industry, build brand expiation and broaden their reach to customers. SWOT Analysis Where the opportunity and threats talk well-nigh the outdoor(a) factors affecting the firms surgical operation and the strengths & weakness around the internal factors of the organisation.STRENGTHS* apprehension about the topical anaesthetic tastes and prefer ences * First means advantage in the home commercialiseplace as they were well established ahead the entry of McDonalds. * Highly motivated plurality in the organisation, they were all ready to take up the risk. * High domestic market share due to selection of the outstrip location that is a result of jump mover advantage. * The ability to innovate precondition the understanding of the topical anaesthetic people except only in their domestic markets. * Power to give the warlike fight to the other organisations in the same industry. * Good operations management.* Diversity in product offering (after the acquisition of Greenwich pizza)WEAKNESS* No consensus between the transnational division and the home division.* want of communication between the departments* Bureaucratic expression* fiscal condition for expansion.* Lack of R&D before expanding internationally along with the fact that the R&D be with the parent company.* Biased towards topical anaesthetic friends and family baseborn-arm selecting franchisees* Lack of global brand recognition.OPPORTUNITIES* skill with a brand to get their brand also known amongst people. * Hiring non Philippines managers to get the perceive of local adaptation. * Create differentiation by cost advantage or customer experience. * Tap the market with lesser or fewer competition. * Increase the product line to favour the taste of local consumers.THREATS* hulking giants like Mc Donalds and KFC in the orthogonal markets.* Increased in the superman cost and the raw materials cost* political instability* Mismatch in the ideas of the unhomogeneous divisions* So many failures in the foreign market like that in capital of Singapore , Taiwan* Catering to a fast food joint as it is needs a very well-knit convincing power due to the shift to legal food by many people.* institution barriers for them in some countries* Reduction for barriers in the home country which enabled other well-favored fast food giants to enter into the market. mixed bag device driversJollibees strategies were derived from a lot of change drivers that the company faced. 1. The first change driver that brought Jollibee Foods Corporation into proper incorporation was the acknowledgment that prices of ice cream would double due to the oil crisis of 1977. This helped them start their own food outlet with homemade hamburger normal of the Tans. 2. Kitchner matte up the need to increase the collierys throw of the global expansion projects as he felt that visibility was the only way to bring Jollibee into top ten fast food brands. He decided to go about a variety of strategies to do so. He started his plan with targeting the expatriate Filipinos in the Middle East, Hong Kong, and Guam etc. hardly this dodging failed as he realized that not all Filipinos had same tastes. When this schema failed Kitchner employ the plant-the-flag schema as a part of which he precious to mark his posture in as many countries as e xecutable. As a part of this they started inauguration outlets in every country they felt an opportunity.3. They realized the failure of their joint ventures was due to the lack of support from the parent company. Tony Kitchner utilise a strict oblige process of the franchises. He appointed Franchise work Managers (FSM) who were the point of nexus between the Jollibee and their international partners. He started store their sales data everyday not only to analyze the traffic in the outlets just now also to provide consultancy to these franchises on how they could improve. For this they also implanted frequent checks that ensured that the standards, quality, hygiene, customer satisfaction etc was maintained. 4. After the criticism of Jollibees operations in Indonesia they realized that they need to act as a world class company and not a local company. They started changing the ambience of the outlets in the swarm country harmonize to the tastes of natives of the host country people. They realized that not all countries like the same type of outlets and service as the Filipinos.5. One of the elements of their 5Fs was tractableness which seemed to be missing in their operations. Their turn up concepts of Filipino food in every country seemed to trigger a huge controversy. Kitchner realized the mistake and immediately pick out to rectify it. They started with local adaptation as a part of which they introduced a rice debaucher in which the gravy changed according to what the people wanted like in those countries like in Hong Kong they served their dish with acerbic and sour chicken while in Vietnam it was served with chicken curry. This accounted for a very small part of their revenue but this was their tinctureping stone towards localization principle. Issues FacedThe key issues faced by the company are listed as follows* strained relation between the domestic and international wings resulting out of their differing opinions. * Following the plant ing-the-flag scheme that led to opening up of more(prenominal) than and more of outlets to increase visibility even if they were running huge losses. This involved a huge investment that affected the other markets. * Lack of proper look for about the market needs, the type of local needs, the electric authority market, the customer base and the competition train and their reach. * Inability to attract local managers due to the fact that the brand was less placeable and also as a result of aversion from the international firms. * Difference in the management style and glossiness lead to a failure of plenty of Joint Ventures. The main fuss was the model followed by them.* Inability to transfer its success factors in Philippines to other countries. The reason Jollibee was successful in the Philippines was due to the following reasons * Catering to the local needs by supplying hamburgers that were spicy. * The laudably operational susceptibility it practiced in Philippines that require keeping close tab on operations. * Consistent high quality products and maintaining its share in the market. * Its skills in site selection because of its excessive familiarity with the place. * The large number of stores in Philippines enabled it to achieve operational readiness through economies of scale. * The case makes it evident that there is less market for Filipino-style food that Jollibee has failed to understand. It needs to localize its menu to attract the local customers. after Jollibee realized the problem and started cater to the local needs for e.g. their rice dish in Indonesia to suit their tastes.Strategies SuggestedThe firm as mentioned in the executive summary was in between the internationalization and localization strategies. We have drawn this inference from the case which mentions that what Jollibee wanted previously following international strategy as they thought they provoke lead astray Filipino cuisine in all parts of the world targeting t he expatriates. Therefore they felt they were faced with very low jam for local responsiveness. They failed to realize that this strategy whole caboodle only in case of MONOPOLY but not in case of firms having strong competition like Jollibee. This strategy failed as Filipino food was not sensed the same way in every country and the pressures for local adaptation increased. Jollibee failed to keep in mind the key Driver in the fast food arena is local responsiveness and low cost.Later in the leadership of Tony Kitchner they felt the need for local adaptation and realized that international strategy would not work for them. Low cost pressure was always there as they were faced with heavy competition. Tony Kitchner bought about localization in their offering thereby forcing them to follow Multi Domestic (localization) strategy but the case mentions they were over-shadowed by local competitors who were providing food for lesser cost and better local adaptation. Therefore looking at the supra mentioned points we would recommend that the company should follow a transnational strategy inclined that they face high pressures of both cost reducing and local adaptation. The following grid gives a diagrammatic representation of the strategies mentioned.Implementation intendWhen going for multi-domestic as a strategy only a certain sum total of flexibility and autonomy be provided to partners. This becomes more of an arms length dealing, trust was lacking in the relationships. A holistic coordination is required to transfer content dealncies or to pursue experience curves and location economies. This is possible only in a transnational entity. This smooth transition bear be enabled by inter unit cooperation, change the organizational structure and following a geocentric border on. Also to down this strategy and carry out expansions following schemes of actions must(prenominal) be taken in dissimilar functional departments.1. Operations Plan* thriftlessness reduction (TQM) and Standardization of food items leave alone further help in cost reduction. * Smooth supply chain management system should be put in place to increase efficiency and productivity. * The flag mickle be planted in regions where people have similar taste buds as strategic business units. So that the menu can be varied according to regional taste. * Once the company starts to follow transnational strategy, location economies and operational efficiency should be taken into affection so as to reap the make headways of both cost structure and differentiation. * Lessons learned should be internalized, so that lack of operational efficiency problems as in Singapore, transparency issues as in Taiwan can be avoided in the future international expansion.2. Financial Plan* The relations with franchisees and other associates should be clearly defined and the degree of control of the financials should be clearly defined to avoid future confusions. The ramifications of poor relations are clear in the closing carry out of many franchisees abroad. * The financial management should be done effectively so as to provide enough budgets for the R&D and associated activities that are needed for the global expansion. * competent funds should be made gettable for the marketing and positioning activities. * Opening multiple stores at the same time volition hurt the bottom line and pull up stakes increase debt. A Cost benefit analysis approach should be used.3. market plan* Market research prior(prenominal) to entering new markets will help in avoiding the unprofitable ventures as in the Middle East. In order to compete on the level with multinationals, rather than just being a first mover, Jollibee would have to take its performance to the next step and prove that it could continue to build its competitive advantage. * The focus target segment in every country has been expats from Philippines which has been largely successful. But it should not exclude th e local cosmos of the host nation. Its marketing initiatives should target the local populace and it should position itself as a global fast food brand which offers exotic Filipino cuisine for everyone.* Its core competency should be authentic Filipino fast food with good service and quality * The menu of Jollibee should have a mix of standard food items as well as items specific to a host nation. To achieve this, they should set up R&D divisions in each country and come up with new dishes to cater to local consumers like McDonalds which came up with vegetarian burgers for India and which was a big hit. * For expanding the menu, economies of scale and operational efficiency should be kept in mind. Items which increase inefficiency should be withdraw from the menu. * Jollibee should follow a differentiated strategy wherein it should target those markets with high potential with an deliverance similar to that of Philippines like Papua brisk greaseball and observe the first mover strategy to capture these markets first.4. Human Resource plan* Jollibee needs a strong bodily culture, and informal management networks to assist in coordination and control. It also needs to understand local cultures before expansion. All this can be achieved through a proper wildness on Management Development. An effective MDP can build a unifying incarnate culture by socializing new managers and partners into the norms and value systems of the firm. * Jollibee should allow certain level of decentralization of authority for its franchises in other countries for operating decisions related to product, marketing and human resource management. Also certain number of R&D centers could be opened in other countries to avail localization of some products.* In order to facilitate cooperation among units the module members who are required to line up with other units must be given training on cultural differences and adaptability in workshops. By adopting this practice Jollibee woul d support its staff to understand the cultural diversity among nations and different market needs. * Jollibee should communicate the company culture through company conventions to ensure that the company interests are achieved. * Localized training approach should be used to make employees outside Philippine as part of the organization.New DecisionsAt the end of the case we see that currently they are faced with triad key decisions about venturing into three different markets. We give our viewpoints as to which markets would be feasible for entry and on what scale.I. Papau New GuineaThe market as described lacks a decent outlet to eat at. given up the opportunity described by very low or probably nil competition it is recommended that Jollibee open an outlet there. It will advisable for Jollibee to open a few outlets in order to test the feasibility and the demand in the market. If the response of the local public is positive they can easy increase their outlets.II. Hong KongAcc ording to exhibit 10 we can see that Hong Kong is second in terms of the per store sale value ($ 571120). This reflects that there exists a huge market for Jollibee in Hong Kong but before linguistic context up another store at Hong Kong they need to resolve their issues there. Their main problem there is inability in attracting local managers. They need to resolve their manpower issues before opening another outlet to ensure that their brand name does not get spoiled because the managers had to pay more aid to the quality issues in the dearth of roil which of the lack of quality which left them less time to concentrate on formulating short term. These factors could tarnish their image in the market. Therefore, first step would be to rectify these problems and then improving the status of the existing outlets. When they sprightliness demand is rising tremendously they can set up more outlets there.III. CaliforniaTheir venture in Guam was a success showing that the food was liked more by Americans based there. Their work at Guam gave them an idea of how to work in America. They can use their learnings from Guam and implement them better in California to be successful. A small market research before the venture would be suggested to get an idea of the local needs and the potential in the market. Their plan of entering a market with high Filipino race with less number of competitors, Daly City, could be plus for them. From that market they would slowly venture into other areas after gaining a share in Daly City.